Являлась ли культура и религия скандинавских народов до христианизации языческой (см. полный вариант ниже)?

Я натолкнулась на такое интересное утверждение: "The relathionship between sorcery and Norse paganism is somewhat elusive. The sorcerers' opponents typically see magic as a practice supposedly given up when Iceland converted to Christianity. Sorcery is part of a culture that Icelanders are supposed to have forsworn at baptism as one of the Devil's works. In that sense it is a "pagan survival". Yet there is no hint that it is part of an organized pagan religion that has gone underground; neither here nor elsewhere is there evidence for persistence of a pagan cultural system". (Magic in the Middle Ages, Kiekhefer R., 2014). Возможно, здесь упоминается некая иная проблематика - подскажите